[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.tvb1.cz\/obrabeni-kovu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.tvb1.cz\/obrabeni-kovu\/","headline":"Obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f","name":"Obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f","description":"Historie je velmi dlouh\u00e1, sah\u00e1 a\u017e k vyd\u011blen\u00ed lid\u00ed z \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se jednalo o obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly k dispozici, p\u0159elomem byl za\u010d\u00e1tek","datePublished":"2019-12-02","dateModified":"2023-04-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.tvb1.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"tvb1.cz\n","url":"https:\/\/www.tvb1.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/774cfd57496a9f02284489749b4229073861faca9d8a66df7d65507a77c5d31f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/774cfd57496a9f02284489749b4229073861faca9d8a66df7d65507a77c5d31f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"tvb1.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.tvb1.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a369032_w1715_t1581321169.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.tvb1.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a369032_w1715_t1581321169.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.tvb1.cz\/obrabeni-kovu\/","about":["Zbo\u017e\u00ed"],"wordCount":439,"articleBody":"       Historie je velmi dlouh\u00e1, sah\u00e1 a\u017e k vyd\u011blen\u00ed lid\u00ed z \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se jednalo o obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly k dispozici, p\u0159elomem byl za\u010d\u00e1tek obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f. D\u0159evo bylo d\u00edky dostupnosti a d\u00edky sv\u00fdm vlastnostem univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm konstruk\u010dn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem. P\u0159i jeho obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed za\u010daly postupn\u011b nach\u00e1zet uplatn\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 mechanismy, usnad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00fd a ot\u00e1\u010div\u00fd pohyb n\u00e1stroje, vznikaly tak p\u0159edch\u016fdci dne\u0161n\u00edch pil, vrta\u010dek nebo soustruh\u016f. Zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f prob\u00edhalo zprvu v\u00fdhradn\u011b pomoc\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, r\u016fzn\u00fdch sek\u00e1\u010d\u016f, vrt\u00e1k\u016f a piln\u00edk\u016f, pozd\u011bji se za\u010daly vyu\u017e\u00edvat i zp\u016fsoby zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci se d\u0159evem.   Po\u010d\u00e1tky strojn\u00edho obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f jsou spojeny se dv\u011bma z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi technologiemi, s vrt\u00e1n\u00edm a soustru\u017een\u00edm. U\u017e v dob\u011b kamenn\u00e9 byla k vrt\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na takzvan\u00e1 smy\u010dcov\u00e1 vrta\u010dka, u n\u00ed byl vrt\u00e1k poh\u00e1n\u011bn t\u011btivou. Velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam m\u011bl za\u010d\u00e1tek pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vrta\u010dky na d\u0159evo s klikov\u00fdm mechanismem od 15. stolet\u00ed. Vyvrt\u00e1vac\u00ed stroj, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd vodn\u00edm kolem, se za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edvat od po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed. Soustru\u017een\u00ed je zmi\u0148ov\u00e1no ji\u017e v mlad\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b kamenn\u00e9 a dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9, z \u0158ecka je z 3. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem dokonce zachov\u00e1na literatura o prvn\u00edm soustru\u017enick\u00e9m stroji.  V pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika stalet\u00ed nedoch\u00e1zelo k pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9mu ocen\u011bn\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch objev\u016f, ty upadaly v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed, aby pozd\u011bji mohly b\u00fdt znovu objeveny. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem nech\u0165 je fr\u00e9zka, zkonstruovan\u00e1 kolem roku 1818, kter\u00e1 nebyla vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na. Postupn\u011b se, d\u00edky popt\u00e1vce po velmi p\u0159esn\u011b zhotoven\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stech a\u017e na tis\u00edciny milimetru, obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed stroje dostaly na vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 v\u00fdvoje, dnes jsou p\u0159i pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b \u0159\u00edzeny po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a v\u00fdrobky dosahuj\u00ed velmi vysok\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti a drsnosti opracov\u00e1van\u00fdch povrch\u016f. Pro opracov\u00e1n\u00ed vyvrtan\u00fdch nebo vyhrubovan\u00fdch otvor\u016f v\u00e1lcov\u00e9ho nebo ku\u017eelov\u00e9ho tvaru slou\u017e\u00ed up\u00ednan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje z rychlo\u0159ezn\u00e9 oceli. T\u00edm je v\u00fdstru\u017en\u00edk staviteln\u00fd https:\/www.i-nastroje.cz\/Stavitelne-221424-c31_112_4.htm, ale i dal\u0161\u00ed druhy v\u00fdstru\u017en\u00edk\u016f, ur\u010den\u00e9 pro ru\u010dn\u00ed nebo strojn\u00ed obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           4.3\/5 - (7 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed kov\u016f","item":"https:\/\/www.tvb1.cz\/obrabeni-kovu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]